This post does not address a
particular issue but rather the bigger picture of what, philosophically, is
going on in our world right now. I do
not have any extensive formal training in philosophy but do enjoy reading the
philosophers, both ancient and modern, and considering their points of view and
how they might be playing out in our world today. This post expresses some of those thoughts
and is not intended (nor is it) a thorough analysis of the philosophies and philosophers
discussed.
We may think that the
division in this country is political, but that is only because we are looking
at what is going on through the traditional political lens. Similarly, this is not a moral war. While that may be closer to the truth, it
still does not hit the mark.
What we are in the middle
of in this country and perhaps the whole world is a war about humanity itself
and against the abolition of mankind. What we are in the middle of involves the
consequences that have resulted from denying value systems that have sustained
us for centuries and a belief that mankind has the power to create itself into
some more perfect entity.
The old solutions
(compromise, reasoned thinking and rational argument, faith in facts rather
than narrative) do not work because this conflict is about more than individual
ideas and policies; it is truly about who and what mankind is and what it
should be. And ultimately it is about
ultimate power. Recognizing the truth of
what is happening is the first and very necessary step in reaching any sort of
solution.
What is a Man (mankind)
Mankind is defined as “the
human race: the totality of human beings.”
Human beings are “a man, woman, or child of the species Homo sapiens,
distinguished from other animals by superior mental development, power of
articulate speech, and upright stance.”
Mankind is also traditionally believed to be graced with a soul. Soul can be defined as “the immaterial essence, animating principle, or actuating cause of an individual life” as well as “the spiritual principle embodied in human beings, all rational and spiritual beings, or the universe.”
It is the brain as well
as the soul that has traditionally distinguished mankind from other organisms. Mankind is made up of individuals who,
because of their individual brains and their intangible “souls” are each
unique. Each has individual – and yes,
unequal – strengths and weaknesses.
Those, combined with the varying and sometimes unfair circumstances of
life, mean that individuals may experience feelings of jealousy and
dissatisfaction about their life circumstances in relation to others.
The concept of moral
values
Throughout history
mankind has been guided by a set of moral principles. These principles are often religion based;
indeed, the moral values upon which this country is founded are based in the
Judeo-Christian belief system.
For a moral structure/code
of ethics/set of rules to work, there must be a belief or understanding that
there is something beyond or outside of mankind that guides and enforces these
principles. That belief system usually
also includes some form of immortality or life beyond this one; that life
beyond is the carrot/stick that encourages mankind to conform to the value
system it has adopted.
When Nietzsche declared
that God is dead it provided a means to remove moral codes. As Kant had already asserted, “morality
cannot do without God, freedom, and immortality.”
Nihilism
Nietzsche saw nihilism as the end of Christianity. Once mankind declared God to be dead, there would be no moral codes based on immortality or on something greater than mankind itself. These higher values, said Nietzsche, devalue man. In nihilism man reaches a truth that “nothing is true, all is permitted” and thus contemplates the abysmal emptiness at the core of that truth.
Nihilism is defined as “the
rejection of all religious and moral principles, in the belief that life is
meaningless.” Nietzsche, however, saw
this as only one step on the path toward perfection of the Übermensch which in Thus
Spoke Zarathustra he portrayed as the new race of super humans – a new
aristocracy that would become the future rulers of earth.
Following the realizations
of nihilism, Nietzsche saw man as moving to a new source of values, a new and
truer life force: “a will to power in which life sacrifices itself for power.” Nietzsche saw an admission that God has been
murdered as a necessary prelude to the consummation of human power.
Dissatisfaction,
alienation, hopelessness
Nietzsche lived and wrote
in the latter half of the 1800s, concurrent with the industrial revolution and
the overwhelming effect it had on the way of life throughout the world.
As industry, science,
technology grew man became more and more able to control his world and his life. While this had many positive consequences, it
also helped to further if not full-blown nihilism, a sense of alienation and
the meaninglessness of life. Man was
often seen as more of a cog in some vast industrial machine rather than an individual
with unique talents, hopes, and dreams.
Mankind became alienated from itself. As dissatisfaction festered, secular ideologies stepped in to assuage the pain. Communism, Socialism, Fascism, and other authoritarian and totalitarian systems presented their visions of a more perfect world.
These visions, of course,
were proven to not be the reality of what was offered. Rather, what they did was to drive man to
more despair and unhappiness. Thus, we
have reached a point where, as David Walsh has put it, “The age that began with
the glory of the Renaissance, the bright expectations of the Enlightenment, and
the energies of the scientific, industrial, and political revolutions has
devolved into the horror, vacuity, and mediocrity of the [21st] century.”
The false promise of
science and technology
Yet, mankind continued to
strive for that better world. Technology
could seemingly do anything as it continues to ease the hardships of living. And scientific advancements seemed to make
real the vision of better, if not super, humans.
Man could control life: organisms were altered and created in labs; cures
and treatments for previously deadly diseases prolonged life; clones of
previously living entities were brought to life; infertile women were implanted
with children to whom they could give birth; invitro surgeries could alter and
preserve life. It seemed that man did
not need God.
Man believed he could and
should have it all. Every selfish desire
could and should be satisfied. Mankind
began to believe it had a right to always be happy. Indeed, man began to believe that he had a
right to have and be whatever he desired.
If he was not happy it could and should be fixed. A lack of happiness and satisfaction in one’s
life became a source of anger at outside forces. No longer did mankind see a need to search
its own soul, no longer did man accept a reality that included despair. Rules and moral codes that interfered with
that belief were seen as old-fashioned and archaic.
The problem is, that perfection
is not a reality in this world. It can
be an aspirational goal, but one must realize it cannot be attained. To believe otherwise is to deny the humanity
of man.
The incredible nature of
technological and scientific advances has given mankind a belief that it can
indeed create its own reality. With such
a belief there is no need to look to some source outside of mankind for
guidance and morality. If one is unhappy
they can just create a different self and a different narrative for that self.
And so, as we move
forward with this approach, we begin to even throw out the truths of
science. If one is not happy with their
sex, they can simply claim to be another one even though science contradicts
this belief just as science denies the now common assertion that men can be
pregnant and give birth. Pre-born individuals
whom science asserts are living humans can be disposed of at will. We can create the reality we choose because
without anything but ourselves we can create any world, any narrative, and any
moral system that we choose.
Except that we can’t.
Of Science and the Soul
When mankind becomes nothing
more than an object of experimentation, just another organism in the vast
scientific universe, it loses its humanity.
Humanity is made up of unique individuals, individuals with unique souls
as well as the biological organs and systems that keep them alive. Humanity was not created by mankind and it is
not a toy for mankind’s use and experimentation.
When man does not need
God, man does not need God’s rules. When
man can create himself then he does not need a creator. And when man can create, then man can create
his own truth. When man believes that
this is true, then he does not need, or no longer has a soul because he no
longer believes in something beyond the worldly manifestation of the mankind
that he creates.
And without the soul that
makes him man, mankind has effectively destroyed that which made mankind unique
and human. Mankind, in altering itself
in pursuit of an idealized perfection, indeed destroys its own humanity.
The real problem
Our problem is two
distinct philosophies that support two very different world existences, two
different views of what mankind is or what it can and should be. There are those who want to retain or return
to “traditional values” and those who assert that humanity must move beyond
those for the sake of things like equity (which is a code word for human beings
with all individuality, freedom, and their very humanity removed).
We treat these as a
political divide. But they are actually
a philosophical chasm that reaches the existence or lack thereof of a human
soul. On one side of this gap are those
who, for lack of a better word, believe in the soul. That is, they believe that there is something
outside of and beyond mankind and that gives mankind both a reason and a a
basis for a code of morality
On the other side are
those who believe that man is or can be fully in control of both what mankind
is and of its own destiny. To them the
thoughts of man as a spiritual being, as beyond simply a living organism, is
somehow archaic and a hurdle that must be removed from mankind’s progress
toward some brave new world where mankind alone creates man.
It is this abyss between
two very different views of mankind that is the underlying cause of our discord. These views are not really reconcilable, but
recognition of their existence may help us to find a way forward.
It’s about power
We like to think that
everyone is trying to better humanity.
But the truth is that those who turn away from mankind as it really is and
instead embrace a concept of its hypothetical perfection are not seeking to
better humanity’s actual existence in the real world. Rather, they are seeking to enhance their own
power.
When there is nothing
outside of or beyond to exercise a moral authority over the desires of mankind,
then there is no moral code beyond an unlimited belief in and desire for one’s
own power. That very belief is itself
anti-human as it leaves to those with the most power the ability to determine
what kind of humanity to create, what is to be considered good or true. It leaves those with most power the ability
to destroy the actual humanity, individuality, and uniqueness of mankind.
The questions that
need to be resolved
The questions that must
be answered are not about the immediate policies of Left and Right. The questions that must be addressed and
discussed are about the soul: What is
the soul?; does man have a soul or is he
just an organism more complex than but not really different from an amoeba?;
and, most importantly, if mankind is its own creator, then who shall make
decisions about what we will create and what, if any, moral code will be
followed, and why?
If the power is to be
fully granted to man rather than something beyond, then we must recognize that
power is often selfish and includes the power to do evil. We may be able to alter biological and
superficial aspects of man, but we cannot alter the often selfish desires that
drive any biological organism, including man.
This is neither a moral nor a political war. It is a war about the very nature of mankind
and whether we will acknowledge our limitations or, in refusing to do so abolish
mankind itself. This is the question
that must be addressed if we are to resolve the current dystopia that envelops
the world.